Best 2026 Ford F-150 for Families | Trims, Engines & Features


Dave Arbogast Ford Truck Research

Best 2026 Ford F-150 for Families

The best 2026 Ford F-150 for many families is an XLT SuperCrew 4×4
with the 2.7L EcoBoost V6 and 5.5-foot bed. It combines a spacious
rear seat, manageable overall length, useful capability, available
family-oriented technology and strong everyday performance.

Families that tow a larger camper or boat may prefer the 3.5L
EcoBoost. Families that camp, tailgate or travel away from
electrical hookups may find PowerBoost and Pro Power Onboard more
valuable. Buyers seeking a more premium cabin should compare XLT
with Lariat.

This guide compares seating, rear legroom, trims, engines, cargo
beds, driver-assistance technology, BlueCruise, towing, payload,
road-trip comfort, camping features and everyday family usability.

Our Best All-Around Family Recommendation

Which 2026 Ford F-150 Is Best for Families?

Best Overall Family F-150

F-150 XLT SuperCrew 4×4 With the 2.7L EcoBoost

The XLT SuperCrew provides a strong balance of rear-seat space,
comfort, capability, technology and value. The 2.7L EcoBoost
produces 325 horsepower and 400 lb.-ft. of torque, making it
well suited to daily driving, highway travel and moderate towing.

Four-wheel drive is useful for Ohio winters, campgrounds, boat
ramps and outdoor recreation. The 5.5-foot bed keeps the truck
easier to park than the longer SuperCrew configuration while
still providing useful space for luggage, bicycles, sports gear,
coolers and home-improvement supplies.

Families planning to tow a heavier travel trailer should compare
this configuration with a 3.5L EcoBoost XLT or Lariat.

When to choose a different configuration

Choose the 3.5L EcoBoost for heavier family towing, Lariat for a more
premium interior, PowerBoost for mobile electrical power, or the
6.5-foot bed when additional cargo space and towing-oriented
wheelbase are more important than parking convenience.

Best Choices by Family Priority

Best 2026 F-150 Family Configurations at a Glance

1

Best Overall

XLT SuperCrew 2.7L EcoBoost

Combines a spacious rear seat, useful technology, manageable power
and strong everyday value.

Best for: Commuting, school activities, vacations,
household projects and moderate towing.

2

Best Family Towing

XLT or Lariat 3.5L EcoBoost

Provides the strongest available conventional towing capability
and greater torque for loaded travel.

Best for: Travel trailers, larger boats and
frequent long-distance towing.

3

Best Premium Choice

Lariat SuperCrew

Adds greater cabin comfort and broader availability of premium
convenience and driver-assistance technology.

Best for: Families spending substantial time on
highways and long road trips.

4

Best Mobile Power

PowerBoost SuperCrew

Combines strong torque with available 7.2-kW Pro Power Onboard.

Best for: Camping, tailgating, outdoor events and
families that value mobile electricity.

5

Best Daily Bed

5.5-Foot Bed

Shortens the SuperCrew’s overall length and makes parking,
drive-throughs and garages easier to manage.

Best for: Daily family transportation and
occasional cargo.

6

Best Cargo Bed

6.5-Foot Bed

Adds cargo-floor length for camping equipment, bicycles, luggage
and towing-related gear.

Best for: Outdoor families and buyers with a
larger garage or parking area.

7

Best Winter Choice

SuperCrew 4×4

Provides additional traction for snow, wet campgrounds, gravel
access roads and boat ramps.

Best for: Ohio winters and year-round outdoor use.

8

Best Luxury Choice

King Ranch or Platinum

Provides premium materials, technology and comfort for buyers who
prioritize luxury.

Best for: Families seeking a high-end truck and
willing to accept additional cost and weight.

Cab Space and Everyday Comfort

Why SuperCrew Is the Best F-150 Cab for Families

The SuperCrew provides the most rear-seat space in the F-150 lineup.
Ford lists 43.6 inches of rear legroom, compared with 33.5 inches in
the SuperCab.

Cab Rear Legroom Family Advantage Primary Limitation
Regular Cab No second row Maximum focus on payload and bed configurations Not suited to regular family transportation
SuperCab 33.5 inches Additional seats and protected interior storage Less rear legroom and less convenient rear access
SuperCrew 43.6 inches Full-size rear seating, four full-size doors and a flat rear floor Longer and heavier than smaller cab configurations

Full-Size Rear Doors

Full-size rear doors make it easier to load passengers, child
seats, backpacks, groceries and travel equipment.

Flat Rear Floor

The rear floor supports flexible storage for luggage, coolers,
sports equipment and other items that should remain inside.

Fold-Up Rear Seats

Raising the rear seat cushions creates an expanded interior cargo
area for valuable or weather-sensitive equipment.

Five-passenger vs. six-passenger seating

F-150 seating capacity depends on front-seat configuration. Models
with front bucket seats and a center console generally seat five.
Qualifying models with a front bench can seat up to six. Compare
seating comfort, storage and console features before choosing.

Comfort, Technology and Value

Best 2026 F-150 Trim for Families

Trim Family Advantage Potential Limitation Best Family Buyer
XL Lower starting cost and practical materials Fewer standard convenience and premium features Value-focused families and mixed work/personal use
STX Sportier appearance with useful everyday equipment Some advanced features require packages or a higher trim Families prioritizing style and affordability
XLT Strong balance of technology, comfort, engines and value Requires option selection for some premium features Best overall family value
Lariat Premium seating, technology and road-trip comfort Higher price and greater equipment weight Best premium family choice
King Ranch Distinctive luxury cabin and broad premium equipment Higher purchase cost and lower value emphasis Families seeking a luxury western-themed truck
Platinum Extensive comfort, technology and available PowerBoost Premium price and potentially lower payload Luxury-oriented family travel
Tremor Off-road equipment and four-wheel-drive capability Rougher-use emphasis and lower maximum capability than some configurations Outdoor families using rough access roads
Raptor High-performance off-road capability Width, fuel use, price and reduced towing priorities Performance-focused recreational buyers
Best Value

F-150 XLT

XLT provides the strongest all-around blend of family comfort,
engine selection, technology and price.

Best Premium

F-150 Lariat

Lariat is a strong choice for families that spend substantial time
traveling and want a more refined cabin.

Best Outdoor Choice

F-150 Tremor

Tremor suits families that regularly visit trails, remote
campgrounds or recreation areas with rough access.

XLT vs. Lariat for families

Choose XLT when value, capability and practical family use are the
priorities. Choose Lariat when premium seating, added comfort and
broader availability of advanced technology justify the additional
cost.

Families towing a trailer should compare the payload label on the
actual trucks because additional luxury equipment can reduce the
capacity available for passengers, luggage and tongue weight.

Daily Driving, Towing and Mobile Power

Best 2026 F-150 Engine for Families

Engine Power Family Strength Best Use
2.7L EcoBoost V6 325 hp / 400 lb.-ft. Strong everyday performance without prioritizing maximum capability Best overall family engine
5.0L V8 400 hp / 410 lb.-ft. Traditional V8 character and strong hauling potential Families that haul and prefer naturally aspirated power
3.5L EcoBoost V6 400 hp / 500 lb.-ft. Highest available conventional tow rating in a qualifying configuration Best family towing engine
PowerBoost Full Hybrid V6 430 hp / 570 lb.-ft. Strong torque and available 7.2-kW Pro Power Onboard Best camping and mobile-power engine
Raptor Powertrains Up to 720 hp High-performance off-road capability Recreational performance rather than typical family value
Best Everyday Choice

2.7L EcoBoost

The 2.7L EcoBoost provides substantial torque for merging,
passing and moderate towing without requiring the maximum-output
engine.

It is the most logical starting point for families that use the
F-150 primarily as everyday transportation.

Best for Towing

3.5L EcoBoost

Families towing larger campers, boats or enclosed trailers should
begin with the 3.5L EcoBoost.

The exact truck still needs enough payload for passengers, luggage,
hitch equipment and trailer tongue weight.

Best for Camping

PowerBoost Hybrid

PowerBoost provides strong torque and available high-output
electrical power for compatible camping and tailgating equipment.

Compare payload carefully because hybrid equipment adds weight.

Cargo Space vs. Daily Maneuverability

5.5-Foot vs. 6.5-Foot Bed for Family Use

Best Everyday Family Choice

SuperCrew With 5.5-Foot Bed

The shorter SuperCrew is easier to fit into parking spaces,
garages, school pickup areas and urban destinations.

Best for:

  • Daily commuting and school transportation
  • Youth sports equipment
  • Groceries and household supplies
  • Weekend projects
  • Moderate camping and recreational gear
Best Cargo and Towing Choice

SuperCrew With 6.5-Foot Bed

The longer bed provides more floor length and a longer wheelbase,
but it creates a substantially longer truck.

Best for:

  • Large camping loads
  • Bicycles and outdoor equipment
  • Longer household materials
  • Towing-related cargo
  • Families with sufficient garage and parking space

Measure your garage before choosing

Account for the truck’s full length, garage-door clearance, storage
shelves, hitch accessories and the space required to walk around the
vehicle. The 6.5-foot-bed SuperCrew may not fit in garages designed
around midsize vehicles.

Cabin and Cargo Organization

Family-Friendly F-150 Storage Features

Rear Under-Seat Storage

Available storage can help organize emergency supplies, small
sports equipment, tools, blankets and travel items.

Fold-Up Rear Seats

Raising the rear seats creates a larger flat interior space for
luggage, pets in appropriate restraints and valuable gear.

Center Console

Bucket-seat configurations provide a large center console for
charging cables, snacks, documents and everyday items.

Bed Storage

Available side storage and bed accessories can organize tie-downs,
recovery gear and smaller outdoor equipment.

Bed Covers and Caps

A properly installed cover or cap can help protect luggage and gear
from weather, but its weight reduces available payload.

Tailgate Work Surface

The available work surface can support campsite preparation,
tailgating, projects and organized loading.

Driver Assistance and Awareness

2026 F-150 Safety Technology for Families

Ford Co-Pilot360 technology includes standard and available systems
designed to support driver awareness. Equipment varies by trim and
package, and no driver-assistance feature replaces attentive driving.

Pre-Collision Assist

The system can help alert the driver to certain potential frontal
collisions and may provide automatic emergency braking support.

Lane-Keeping System

Lane-related alerts and assistance can support awareness when the
vehicle unintentionally approaches detected lane markings.

BLIS

Blind Spot Information System can alert the driver to certain
vehicles detected in adjacent blind-spot areas.

Cross-Traffic Alert

Cross-traffic monitoring can support awareness when reversing from
a parking space or driveway.

Rear View Camera

The rear camera supports visibility while reversing but should be
used together with mirrors and direct observation.

Rear Parking Sensors

Available audible alerts can support low-speed parking awareness
around certain detected objects.

360-Degree Camera

Available camera views can help with tight parking spaces, garage
entry, trailer alignment and low-speed maneuvering.

Adaptive Cruise Control

Available adaptive cruise control can help maintain a selected
following gap under supported conditions.

Lane Centering

Available lane-centering assistance can support steering within a
detected lane while the driver remains responsible.

Driver assistance has limitations

Weather, road markings, lighting, dirt, blocked sensors, traffic and
other conditions can affect performance. Drivers must remain alert,
monitor the road and be prepared to brake, steer or take control.

Available Hands-Free Highway Assistance

Is Ford BlueCruise Useful for Family Road Trips?

BlueCruise can assist with steering, braking and acceleration on
compatible prequalified highway sections. It may reduce some of the
workload of long highway drives, but it is not autonomous driving.

Potential Family Benefits

  • Hands-free assistance on compatible highway sections
  • Support during long-distance family travel
  • Available lane-changing assistance where equipped
  • Integration with adaptive cruise-control functions
  • Driver-facing monitoring to support attention

Important Limitations

  • Works only on compatible mapped roads and conditions
  • Requires driver attention at all times
  • May require an active trial or paid plan
  • Can request that the driver retake control
  • Does not make the F-150 self-driving

BlueCruise availability

BlueCruise hardware and plan availability vary by trim, equipment
and production timing. Confirm that the individual truck is equipped
with the required hardware and review the included trial or purchase
terms before delivery.

Rear-Seat Planning

F-150 Child-Seat Considerations

The SuperCrew’s large rear seating area and full-size rear doors make
it the preferred F-150 configuration for families using child
restraints.

Choose SuperCrew

The additional rear legroom can make rear-facing and forward-facing
restraint installation more practical than in the SuperCab.

Check the Seating Position

Confirm which rear positions provide the correct lower anchors,
tether anchors and seat-belt routing for the restraint.

Test Before Purchase

Bring the family’s child seats when evaluating the truck and check
front-seat comfort with the restraints installed.

Follow Both Manuals

Follow the vehicle owner’s manual and the child-restraint
manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Use the Correct Restraint

Select restraints based on the child’s age, size, development and
applicable safety requirements.

Seek Installation Help

A certified child-passenger-safety technician can help review
installation and seating-position questions.

Never rely on general website guidance for installation

Child restraints, vehicle seating positions and applicable laws
differ. Always use the current vehicle manual, restraint manual and
qualified installation guidance.

Camping, Tailgating and Outdoor Events

Pro Power Onboard for Family Activities

Pro Power Onboard allows a properly equipped F-150 to provide
electrical power through available outlets. Output depends on the
selected engine and equipment.

Available Output General Configuration Potential Family Uses
400 Watts Available with qualifying equipment Small electronics, chargers and selected low-demand devices
2.0 kW Available with qualifying non-hybrid configurations Compatible campsite equipment, lights and selected appliances
2.4 kW Included with qualifying PowerBoost configurations Multiple compatible devices and outdoor equipment
7.2 kW Available with qualifying PowerBoost configurations Higher-demand compatible camping, tailgating and emergency equipment

Camping

Power compatible lights, chargers and selected campsite equipment.

Tailgating

Support compatible televisions, cooking equipment and electronics.

Youth Sports

Operate compatible fans, chargers, speakers and event equipment.

Home Emergencies

Support selected compatible equipment during certain power outages.

Verify every electrical load

Confirm voltage, continuous wattage, startup demand, outlet type and
system capacity before connecting any device. Follow the owner’s
manual and equipment-manufacturer instructions.

Campers, Boats and Recreational Trailers

Best F-150 for Family Towing

The best family tow vehicle must support more than the trailer. It must
also carry the driver, passengers, luggage, hitch equipment, bed cargo
and trailer tongue weight.

Best Family Towing Configuration

XLT or Lariat SuperCrew With the 3.5L EcoBoost

The 3.5L EcoBoost provides up to 13,500 pounds of conventional
towing in a qualifying configuration and delivers 500 lb.-ft. of
torque.

XLT offers strong value, while Lariat adds premium comfort for
long-distance travel. The actual truck must have the correct
towing equipment and enough door-label payload for the family’s
full load.

Families that value mobile power may also consider PowerBoost,
which can tow up to 12,400 pounds when properly equipped.

Remaining Payload While Towing

Door-Label Payload − Passengers − Luggage − Accessories − Hitch − Tongue Weight

Example family payload calculation

Load Example Weight Remaining From 1,750 lbs.
Door-label payload 1,750 lbs. 1,750 lbs.
Two adults 360 lbs. 1,390 lbs.
Two children or teenagers 220 lbs. 1,170 lbs.
Luggage, cooler and bed cargo 250 lbs. 920 lbs.
Weight-distribution hitch 90 lbs. 830 lbs.
Loaded trailer tongue weight 780 lbs. 50 lbs. remaining

This example shows why a family can reach the truck’s payload limit
before reaching its maximum trailer rating.

Matching the Truck to Your Lifestyle

Best F-150 Configuration for Family Activities

Daily Transportation

XLT SuperCrew 2.7L EcoBoost

A practical balance of passenger room, performance and useful
technology for school, work and errands.

Road Trips

Lariat SuperCrew

Added comfort and available highway-assistance technology can make
long-distance travel more relaxing.

Camping

PowerBoost 4×4

Available 7.2-kW Pro Power Onboard and four-wheel drive support
outdoor travel and compatible campsite equipment.

Youth Sports

XLT SuperCrew With 5.5-Foot Bed

Provides interior passenger space and an open bed for bags, tents,
chairs, coolers and team equipment.

Family Camper

3.5L EcoBoost XLT or Lariat

The strongest towing engine is the preferred starting point for
larger travel trailers.

Boat Towing

3.5L EcoBoost or 5.0L V8 4×4

Four-wheel drive may provide useful traction on wet or steep ramps.

Winter Travel

SuperCrew 4×4

Four-wheel drive supports traction in snow, although proper tires
and cautious driving remain essential.

Bicycles and Outdoor Gear

SuperCrew With 6.5-Foot Bed

The longer bed provides additional cargo-floor length for large
recreational loads.

Luxury Family Travel

King Ranch or Platinum

Premium trims add high-end materials and comfort for buyers who
prioritize refinement over maximum value.

Choosing the Right Vehicle Type

Should a Family Choose an F-150 or an SUV?

Consideration F-150 Advantage SUV Advantage
Dirty or Oversized Cargo Separate open cargo bed Cargo remains enclosed and climate controlled
Passenger Capacity Five or six seats depending on configuration Many SUVs offer a third row and seven or eight seats
Towing Higher maximum capability in qualifying configurations May provide sufficient towing with a more enclosed layout
Parking Manageable with the short-bed configuration but still large Some SUVs are shorter and easier to maneuver
Interior Cargo Large rear floor with seats folded up Greater enclosed cargo volume behind the seats
Outdoor Equipment Bed separates muddy, wet or bulky gear from passengers Gear may require an enclosed cargo liner or roof system
Best Choice Families that tow, haul and use the open bed regularly Families needing a third row or fully enclosed cargo space

Choose the F-150 when the bed is part of the lifestyle

An F-150 makes the most sense when the family regularly transports
bicycles, camping equipment, sports gear, home-improvement supplies,
landscaping materials or trailers. A three-row SUV may be better
when passenger capacity and enclosed cargo volume are the priorities.

Evaluate the Truck With the Whole Family

Family F-150 Test-Drive Checklist

Cabin and Seating

  • Enter and exit every seating position
  • Check rear legroom with front seats adjusted
  • Bring child restraints when applicable
  • Evaluate seat comfort and visibility
  • Compare bench and bucket-seat layouts
  • Test rear-seat folding and storage

Daily Maneuverability

  • Practice parking in a standard space
  • Check turning room and rear visibility
  • Test the available 360-Degree Camera
  • Measure the home garage
  • Consider school and drive-through access
  • Compare 5.5- and 6.5-foot beds

Technology

  • Pair a compatible phone
  • Test SYNC 4 and voice controls
  • Review USB ports and charging access
  • Listen to rear-seat audio quality
  • Review BlueCruise hardware and plan terms
  • Test driver-assistance settings

Capability

  • Check the door-label payload
  • Verify VIN-specific towing capacity
  • Confirm trailer-brake-controller availability
  • Review bed tie-downs and lighting
  • Confirm Pro Power Onboard output
  • Plan for luggage and accessory weight

Family Truck Shopping in Troy, Ohio

Find Your Family’s F-150 at Dave Arbogast

Our Ford team can help your family compare SuperCrew configurations,
trims, engines, bed lengths, safety technology, payload labels and
towing equipment.

Bring child seats, sports equipment, camping gear or trailer
specifications when evaluating a truck. Seeing how the actual family
load fits can be more useful than comparing specifications alone.

Dave Arbogast Ford serves families from Troy, Dayton, Piqua, Tipp City,
Vandalia, Sidney, Springfield and communities throughout the Miami
Valley. Our location near Interstate 75 makes it convenient to compare
F-150 configurations in one visit.

Compare SuperCrew Trucks

Evaluate rear-seat space, front-seat configurations and family
storage in actual inventory.

Review Safety Technology

Confirm cameras, adaptive cruise control, BlueCruise hardware and
other available assistance features.

Verify Towing and Payload

Match the individual truck to passengers, luggage, accessories and
trailer tongue weight.

Frequently Asked Questions

2026 Ford F-150 Family FAQs

What is the best 2026 Ford F-150 for families?

An XLT SuperCrew 4×4 with the 2.7L EcoBoost and 5.5-foot bed is a
strong all-around family choice because it combines rear-seat
space, everyday performance, useful capability and manageable size.

What is the best F-150 trim for families?

XLT is the best overall value for many families. Lariat is the
stronger premium choice for buyers who want additional comfort and
available technology.

Is the Ford F-150 a good family vehicle?

Yes. A SuperCrew F-150 provides a full-size rear seat, four
full-size doors, flexible interior storage and an open bed for
family cargo. Families needing a third row should compare an SUV.

Which F-150 cab is best for families?

SuperCrew is the best F-150 cab for families because it provides
the largest rear seating area and 43.6 inches of rear legroom.

How much rear legroom does the F-150 SuperCrew have?

Ford lists 43.6 inches of rear legroom in the 2026 F-150
SuperCrew.

How much rear legroom does the F-150 SuperCab have?

Ford lists 33.5 inches of rear legroom in the 2026 F-150 SuperCab.

Can a Ford F-150 seat six people?

Qualifying F-150 configurations with front bench seating can seat
up to six. Models with front bucket seats and a center console
generally seat five.

Is XLT or Lariat better for a family?

XLT is generally the better value, while Lariat provides a more
premium cabin and broader availability of comfort and
driver-assistance technology.

What is the best F-150 engine for a family?

The 2.7L EcoBoost is a strong everyday family engine. The 3.5L
EcoBoost is better for heavier towing, while PowerBoost is best for
families that value mobile electrical power.

Is the 2.7L EcoBoost good for family use?

Yes. It produces 325 horsepower and 400 lb.-ft. of torque, making
it suitable for daily driving, highway travel and moderate towing.

What is the best F-150 for towing a family camper?

An XLT or Lariat SuperCrew with the 3.5L EcoBoost is a strong
starting point. Verify the actual truck’s towing capacity and
payload before purchase.

Is PowerBoost good for families?

Yes. PowerBoost provides strong torque, substantial towing
capability and available 7.2-kW Pro Power Onboard for compatible
camping and outdoor equipment.

Which F-150 bed is best for families?

The 5.5-foot bed is best for everyday maneuverability. The
6.5-foot bed is better for families that regularly carry large
camping, recreational or towing-related loads.

Will an F-150 SuperCrew fit in my garage?

It depends on the garage and bed length. Measure the full parking
space before buying, especially when considering a SuperCrew with
the 6.5-foot bed.

Is 4×4 worth it for a family F-150?

Four-wheel drive can be useful for Ohio winters, wet boat ramps,
gravel roads and campgrounds. It adds weight and may reduce
payload, so choose it based on actual use.

Does the F-150 have child-seat anchors?

The F-150 provides child-restraint anchorage in applicable seating
positions. Consult the vehicle owner’s manual and child-restraint
instructions for the exact seating position and installation method.

Is SuperCrew better for child seats?

SuperCrew is generally the preferred F-150 cab for child seats
because it provides full-size rear doors and substantially more
rear legroom than SuperCab.

What safety technology is available on the 2026 F-150?

Standard and available systems include Pre-Collision Assist,
lane-related assistance, blind-spot monitoring, cross-traffic
alert, parking sensors, adaptive cruise control, a 360-Degree
Camera and BlueCruise. Availability varies by configuration.

Is BlueCruise available on the 2026 F-150?

BlueCruise is available on qualifying 2026 F-150 configurations.
Required hardware and an active plan or trial are necessary.

Is BlueCruise self-driving?

No. BlueCruise is a driver-assistance system. The driver must
remain attentive and prepared to take control at all times.

What is the best F-150 for family road trips?

A Lariat SuperCrew is a strong road-trip choice because it combines
a spacious rear seat with premium comfort and available highway
driver-assistance technology.

What is the best F-150 for family camping?

A PowerBoost SuperCrew 4×4 with available 7.2-kW Pro Power Onboard
is a strong camping choice because it combines passenger space,
traction and mobile electrical power.

What is the best F-150 for youth sports?

An XLT SuperCrew with the 5.5-foot bed provides passenger space
plus an open cargo area for bags, chairs, tents, coolers and team
equipment.

Do passengers and luggage reduce F-150 towing capacity?

Passengers, luggage, accessories, hitch equipment and trailer
tongue weight all use the truck’s available payload and can reduce
the amount of trailer weight it can safely handle.

Should a family buy an F-150 or an SUV?

Choose an F-150 when towing, hauling and an open cargo bed are
important. Choose a three-row SUV when additional passenger seating
and fully enclosed cargo space are greater priorities.

Where can I compare family F-150 trucks near Dayton, Ohio?

Dave Arbogast Ford in Troy, Ohio, offers new F-150 inventory and
can help families compare SuperCrew space, trims, engines,
technology, payload and towing equipment.

Find the F-150 That Fits Your Family

Browse available Ford F-150 inventory and contact Dave Arbogast Ford
for help comparing SuperCrew configurations, XLT and Lariat trims,
engines, bed sizes, safety technology, payload and towing capability.